作者 Angus Bain
本图文出处
https://www.ivy.com.tw/newsLetter/an...062414032235444MP3
https://www.dropbox.com/s/1vv5s8gqeqtpycj/%E8%92%99%E5%A8%9C%E9%BA%97...C%8B%E8%91%97%E4%BD%A0.rar?dl=0当图片中人物的视线被置于零度角 ─ 也就是直视前方时,就会发生这种情况。
目录 / Tips & Analysis / 中文翻译(& 答案)
篇章结构
Have you ever looked into the eyes of a person in a portrait hanging on the wall and had the eerie feeling that they were staring right back at you? Even when you walk around the room, their watchful gaze __1__ your every move. This phenomenon has actually been confirmed as a __2__ illusion with a scientific explanation. Long ago, it was given the term the “Mona Lisa effect” after the masterpiece by Leonardo da Vinci.
It occurs when the person portrayed in the picture has their gaze set at a zero-degree angle—looking directly ahead, that is. This would be the same as when a person looks straight into the camera lens when they have their __3__ taken. Even if there’s a slightly sideward glance to the left or right of 5° or less, you’ll still have the __4__ feeling that the person in the picture is looking you right in the eye.
Due to the name of the phenomenon, it would be natural to __5__ that it applies to the actual Mona Lisa itself. Ironically, however, this isn’t the case. In a 2019 study, researchers at Bielefeld University in Germany had 24 subjects look at __6__ of the Mona Lisa on a computer screen. They did so from different distances and angles and made over 2,000 __7__ in total. Interestingly, all of them indicated that she was not gazing directly at them. Instead, they found that her gaze was directed to their right-hand side.
This actually __8__ perfect sense. The Mona Lisa’s angle of gaze does not fall within the 0° to 5° limit required to experience the phenomenon. Rather, her gaze is set at over 15°, which is well outside the __9__ necessary to experience the effect bearing her name. So why is this phenomenon named after her even though the painting doesn’t even __10__ the illusion? Perhaps it is because the people who first coined the term simply thought it was a cool name.
(A) exhibit (B) makes (C) infer (D) images (E) follows
(F) bizarre (G) assessments (H) photograph ( I ) legitimate (J) margin
答案: 1.E 2.I 3.H 4.F 5.C 6.D 7.G 8.B 9.J 10.A
单字片语整理
Words in Use
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make [mek]
vt. 做,制作;使得;赶到,到达
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follow [ˋfɑlo]
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bear [bɛr]
vt. 忍受;生(小孩);结(果实)
n. 熊
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photograph [ˋfotə͵græf]
n. 照片(= photo [ `foto ])
vt. 拍摄,照相
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image [ˋɪmɪdʒ]
n. 形象;意象;影像,图像
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indicate [ˋɪndə͵ket]
vt. 显示,表明
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bizarre [bɪˋzɑr]
a. 奇怪的
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illusion [ɪˋljuʒən]
n. 错误的观念;错觉,幻觉
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exhibit [ɪgˋzɪbɪt]
.vt. 显示,现出;展示
vi. 展示
n. 展览会
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gaze [gez]
vi. & n. 凝视,注视
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margin [ˋmɑrdʒɪn]
n. 页边空白;边缘;利润;差数
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portray [porˋtre]
.vt. 描述,描绘
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assessment [əˋsɛsmənt]
n. 评估
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legitimate [ləˋdʒɪtəmət]
a. 合理的 ; 合法的 ; 合法婚生的
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masterpiece [ˋmæstɚ͵pis]
n. 杰作
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confirm [kənˋfɝm]
vt. 确认;证实
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glance [glæns]
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infer [ɪnˋfɝ]
vt. . 推论
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portrait [ˋportret]
n. 肖像,画像
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ironically [aɪˋrɑnɪklɪ]
adv. 讽刺地
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eerie [ˋɪrɪ]
a. 怪异而令人恐惧的
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watchful [ˋwɑtʃfəl]
a. 注意的
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sideward [ˋsaɪdwɚd]
a. 向旁边的
Practical Phrases
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apply to... 适用于……
The first half of the questionnaire applies only to graduate students.
这份问卷的前半部只适用于研究生。
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数字 + in total 总共……
= a total of
Seven players left the team in total.
总共有 7 名选手离开球队。
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be (not) the case 情况(不)是如此
Life for the Johnsons is easier now, but that wasn’t the case a few years ago.
强森家的日子现在好过多了,但几年前并非如此。
If what Peter said is the case, you will have to be more careful.
如果情况真如彼得所说,那你就得更加小心了。
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look sb right in the eye 直视某人
Tim looked Mandy right in the eye and told her he loved her.
提姆直视曼蒂的眼睛说他爱她。
Tips & Analysis
1. Even when you walk around the room, their watchful gaze follows your every move.
理由
a. 空格前有名词词组 their watchful gaze(他们 的目光),而空格后亦有名词词组 your every move(你的一举一动),故知空格应置入第三人 称单数及物动词。
b. 选项中有 (B) makes 及 (E) follows 符合条件, 根据语意,即使当你在房间里走来走去,肖像中 的人的目光也会「跟随」你的一举一动,可知答案应选 (E)。
2. This phenomenon has actually been confirmed as a legitimate illusion with a scientific explanation.
理由
a. 空格前有不定冠词 a,而空格后有名词 illusion (错觉),故知空格应置入形容词以修饰 illusion。
b. 选项中有 (F) bizarre 及 (I) legitimate 符合条 件,根据语意,图中肖像目光跟随你的一举一动 这种现象,被证实为一种有科学解释的「合理」错觉,可知答案应选 (I)。
3. This would be the same as when a person looks straight into the camera lens when they have their photograph taken.
理由
a. 空格前有所有格 their,空格后有过去分词 taken, 故知空格应置入名词。
b. 剩余选项中除 (B) makes、(C) infer 及 (F) bizarre 外皆符合条件,根据语意,就像一个人在 「拍照」时直视相机镜头一样,可知答案应选 (H) photograph,置入后亦符合 “take a photograph”的用法。
4. Even if there’s a slightly sideward glance to the left or right of 5° or less, you’ll still have the bizarre feeling that the person in the picture is looking you right in the eye.
理由
a. 空格前有定冠词 the,而空格后有名词 feeling(感 觉),故知空格应置入形容词以修饰 feeling。
b. 选项中仅剩 (F) bizarre 符合条件,置入后表即使 图片中人物的视线稍微向左或向右看五度或更小的 角度,你仍然会有照片中的人正直视你的「怪异」 感觉,故选之。
5. Due to the name of the phenomenon, it would be natural to infer that it applies to the actual Mona Lisa itself.
理由
a. 空格前有引导不定词片语的 to,而空格后有 that 引导的名词子句,故知空格应置入原形及物动词。
b. 选项中尚有 (A) exhibit 及 (C) infer 符合条件,根 据语意,由于此现象的名称,可以自然地「推断」 它适用于实际的《蒙娜丽莎》本身,可知答案应选 (C)。
6. In a 2019 study, researchers at Bielefeld University in Germany had 24 subjects look at images of the Mona Lisa on a computer screen.
理由
a. 空格前有介词 at,而空格后亦有介词 of,故知空格应置入名词。
b. 剩余选项中除 (B) makes 外皆符合条件,根据语 意,在 2019 年的一项研究中,德国比勒费尔德 大学的研究人员让二十四名受试者观看在电脑萤 幕上的《蒙娜丽莎》「图像」,可知答案应选 (D) images。
7. They did so from different distances and angles and made over 2,000 assessments in total.
理由
a. 空格前有数字 2,000,而空格后有介词 in,故知空 格应置入复数名词。
b. 选项中仅剩 (G) assessments 符合条件,置入后 表研究人员让二十四名受试者从不同的距离和角度 观看电脑萤幕上的《蒙娜丽莎》图像,总共进行了 两千多次的「评估」,故选之。
8. This actually makes perfect sense.
理由
a. 空格前有指示代名词 This 及副词 际上),而空格后有名词词组 perfect sense(完 美的意义),故知空格应置入第三人称单数及物动 词。
b. 选项中仅剩 (B) makes 符合条件,置入后表这 实际上完全合理,故选之,置入后亦符合 “make sense” 的用法。
9. Rather, her gaze is set at over 15°, which is well outside the margin necessary to experience the effect bearing her name.
理由
a. 空格前有定冠词 the,而空格后有省略关系代名词 (which / that)及 be 动词的形容词子句,故知空格应置入名词以作为该形容词子句的先行词。
b. 剩余选项皆符合条件,根据语意,《蒙娜丽莎》的 凝视是设在十五度以上,这远远超出了体验以其 名字命名的效应所需的「界限」,可知答案应选(J) margin。
10. So why is this phenomenon named after her even though the painting doesn’t even exhibit the illusion?
理由
a.空格前有助动词 doesn’t,而空格后有名词词组 the illusion(错觉),故知空格应置入原形及物动词。
b. 选项中仅剩 (A) exhibit 符合条件,置入后表如果 这幅画甚至不能「显示出」这种错觉,那这种现象 为什么还要以她的名字命名呢?故选之。
中文翻译(& 答案)
蒙娜丽莎总是看着你?
你有没有曾经看着墙上所挂之肖像中的人的眼睛,然后 有一种他们也正盯着你看的怪异感觉?即使当你在房间里走 来走去,他们的目光也会跟随你的一举一动。这种现象其实 被证实为一种有科学解释的合理错觉。很久以前,这种现象 被称为「蒙娜丽莎效应」,是以李奥纳多‧达文西的杰作来 命名的。
当图片中人物的视线被置于零度角 ─ 也就是直视前 方时,就会发生这种情况。这就像一个人在拍照时直视相机 镜头一样。即使稍微向左或向右看五度或更小的角度,你仍 然会有照片中的人正直视你的怪异感觉。
由于此现象的名称,可以自然地推断它适用于实际 的《蒙娜丽莎》本身。然而讽刺的是,事实并非如此。在 2019 年的一项研究中,德国比勒费尔德大学的研究人员让 二十四名受试者观看在电脑萤幕上的《蒙娜丽莎》图像。他 们从不同的距离和角度观看,总共进行了两千多次的评估。 有趣的是,他们全都表示她并没有直视着他们。相反地,他 们发现她的目光是投向他们的右手边。
这实际上完全合理。《蒙娜丽莎》的凝视角不在体验这 种现象所需的零度到五度范围内。相反地,她的凝视是设在 十五度以上,这远远超出了体验以其名字命名的效应所需的 界限。那么,如果这幅画甚至不能显示出这种错觉,那这种 现象为什么还要以她的名字命名呢?也许是因为最先创造这 个词的人很单纯地认为那是个很酷的名字罢了。