美国科州签署法案 保护脑波隐私 Colorado Becomes First State to Pass Brainwave Privacy Law
Colorado Becomes First State to Pass Brainwave Privacy Law
#国外 #数位·科技·科学 #时事 #安全·医疗
10/9 解析英语
作者 Analytical Editors
阅读时间 8分钟
听讲解 听朗读
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https://www.ivy.com.tw/newsLetter/an...061309285028352MP3:
美国科州签署法案 保护脑波隐私 Colorado Becomes First State to Pass Brainwave Privacy Law
科罗拉多州在脑机介面的时代采取了保护消费者隐私的开创性举措。
目录 / More to Learn / 中文翻译(& 答案)
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Colorado has taken a pioneering move towards protecting consumer privacy in the age of brain-computer interfaces. With the rise of neurotechnology, which involves technology that monitors and interacts with the brain, data privacy concerns are coming to a head. In response to the growing anxieties, Colorado has become the first state in the US to pass an amendment that safeguards the privacy of human brainwaves.
On April 17, Colorado announced an update to its Privacy Act, which went into effect on August 6. The new Colorado Privacy Act classifies brainwaves as “sensitive personal information,” offering them the same protections that fingerprints and facial recognition data already receive. Colorado residents are now empowered to take control of their brainwave data, with the right to access, correct, and delete the information collected by companies. Additionally, companies are required to clearly outline their data handling practices.
Neurotechnology used to be limited to scientific labs and hospital settings. However, many new devices that can record consumers’ brainwaves or analyze the brain in other ways have been launched in recent years. Often marketed outside the realm of medical equipment, these devices evade the existing safety and privacy standards for healthcare devices. Experts are raising concerns about this lack of oversight, fearing the potential for these tools to become mind-reading devices without users’ consent or knowledge. Other US states are considering similar regulations to protect their citizens in regard to neuro data gathered by technology companies. Colorado’s precedent has put the national conversation on neurotechnology into the spotlight, raising questions about the ethical implications of brain data collection.
1. Which of the following best defines the phrase “coming to a head” in the first paragraph?
(A) Becoming neglected.
(B) Facing a rapid decline.
(C) Changing subtly.
(D) Reaching a critical point.
2. What do we NOT learn about the new Colorado Privacy Act?
(A) It took effect in August.
(B) It allows people in Colorado to sell their brainwave data.
(C) It includes facial recognition and fingerprints in its security net.
(D) It grants Colorado citizens the right to erase their personal brain information.
3. What is one problem related to the rise of neurotechnology?
(A) It is not clear whether these devices are effective.
(B) A few people have been injured while using these devices.
(C) Devices can read people’s thoughts without informing them.
(D) Some roles currently done by doctors might be taken over by scientists.
单字片语整理
Words in Use
●
pioneering [paɪəˋnɪərɪŋ]
a. 开创性的，先驱的
●
monitor [ˋmɑnətɚ]
.vt. & vi. 监视
n. 监视器；萤幕
●
interact [͵ɪntəˋrækt]
vi. 互动
●
classify [ˋklæsə͵faɪ]
.vt. 分类；归类
●
resident [ˋrɛzədənt]
n. 居民；住院医生 & a. 居住的
●
access [ˋæksɛs]
n. （对人、地、物的）接近或使用的权利或门径（与介词 to 并用）
vt. 使用；（电脑）存取（资料）
●
analyze [ˋæn!͵aɪz]
vt. 分析，解析
●
realm [rɛlm]
n. 领土；（知识、兴趣的）范围
●
consent [kənˋsɛnt]
vi. & n. 同意(作名词时不可数)
●
precedent [ `prɛsədənt ]
n. . 先例，前例
●
ethical [ˋɛθɪk!]
a. 道德的
●
implication [͵ɪmplɪˋkeʃən]
n. 暗示
●
spotlight [ˋspɑt͵laɪt]
vt. .受到注目，使突出醒目
n. . 聚光灯
Extra Words
●
interface [ˋɪntɚ͵fes]
n. 介面
●
neurotechnology [ˌnjʊrəˈtɛknalədʒɪ]
n. 神经科技
●
safeguard [ˋsef͵gɑrd]
vt. & n. & vi. 保护，防卫（皆与介词 against 并用）
●
evade [ɪˋved]
vt. 躲避，回避，逃避
●
oversight [ˋovɚ͵saɪt]
n. 疏忽
●
neuro data 神经资料
●
come to a head 到了紧要关头
Practical Phrases
●
interact with 与……互动
Tom interacts well with other kids at school.
汤姆在学校和其他的小朋友互动良好。
●
classify A as B 将 A 归类为 B
Some classify this music as jazz while others call it pop.
有些人把这种音乐归类为爵士乐，然而也有些人称之为流行乐。
●
go into effect 开始实施∕生效
●
take control of... 取得对⋯⋯的控制
The terrorists took control of the whole city.
恐怖分子控制了整座城市。
●
with / in regard to... 有关……
With regard to your request for a refund, we have referred the matter to our general manager.
关于您请求退款一事，我们已转请总经理处理。
●
put into the spotlight 使⋯⋯成为焦点
The scandal put the company’s questionable practices into the spotlight.
那则丑闻让该公司可疑的做法成为人们关注的焦点。
More to Learn
empower vt. 授权；使自主
• This new initiative will empower employees to take more ownership of their work.
这项新措施将使员工对自己的工作拥有更多自主权。
字首 em- 有「使（具）有」的意思，置于某些 b 或 p 开头的字词前，构成动词，以下介绍一些相关字：
a. embellish vt. 装饰，美化
• We plan to embellish our wedding venue with flowers.
我们计划要用花朵装饰婚礼会场。
b. embody vt. 体现，使具体化
• The man’s actions embody the spirit of generosity and kindness.
那名男子的行动体现了慷慨和善良的精神。
c. embrace vt. 拥抱；欣然接受
• Nina embraced her sister when she needed comfort.
妮娜在她妹妹需要安慰时抱抱她。
• I learned to embrace failure as a stepping stone to success.
我学到欣然接受失败，把失败当作成功的垫脚石。
d. emphasize vt. 强调
• The speaker began to emphasize the main points of his argument.
那位讲者开始强调自己论点中的重点。
e. employ vt. 雇用；采用
• The company will employ more workers to meet the increasing demand.
该公司将聘请更多工人以满足增长的需求。
• Cutting-edge technology will be employed for the project.
那项专案将采用先进的科技。
中文翻译(& 答案)
科罗拉多州（以下简称科州）在脑机介面（编按：让大脑和机器之间可以进行沟通的介面）的时代采取了保护消费者隐私的开创性举措。随着涉及大脑监测和大脑互动科技的神经科技兴起，资料隐私问题正处于紧要关头。为了应对日益增长的忧虑，科州成为美国第一州，通过保护人类脑波隐私的补充条款。
四月十七日，科州宣布更新其隐私法案，更动的部分于八月六日生效。科州新隐私法案将脑波归类成「个人敏感资讯」，使其受到和指纹、脸部辨识资料已取得之同等的保护。科州居民现在有权控制自己的脑波资料，有权存取、更正和删除公司搜集的资讯。此外，公司被要求清楚地概述其资料处理办法。
神经科技过去仅限于科学实验室和医院环境。然而，近年来已经推出许多可以记录消费者的脑波或以其他方式分析大脑的新装置。这些装置通常不在医疗设备的领域内销售，规避了医疗保健设备现行的安全和隐私标准。专家们对这种缺乏监督的情况表示担忧，忧心这些工具有可能在未经用户同意或在用户不知情的情况下成为读心装置。美国其他州正在考虑类似的法规，以针对科技公司搜集的神经资料来保护公民。科州的先例让全美神经科技的讨论成为人们关注的焦点，引发人们质疑大脑资料搜集可能造成的伦理问题。
1. 下列哪一项最能准确定义第一段的片语 “coming to a head”？
(A) 正变得被忽视。 (B) 正面临骤降。
(C) 正在细微地转变。 (D) 正到达关键时刻。
2. 关于科州新隐私法案，哪一项是我们并未得知的？
(A) 其于八月实施。
(B) 其允许科州的人们出售自己的脑波资料。
(C) 其将脸部辨识和指纹纳入安全网。
(D) 其让科州公民有权删除个人的大脑资讯。
3. 与神经技术兴起相关的一个问题是什么？
(A) 尚不清楚这些装置是否有效。
(B) 有一些人在使用这些装置时受伤。
(C) 装置可能在不告知人们的情况下读取人们的想法。
(D) 目前由医生承担的某些角色可能会由科学家接替。
答案： 1. D 2. B 3. C
